Governing mechanism for turbines



Feb. 16 1926. 1,573,781

W. KIESER GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBI'NES Filed Nov. 13, 19'25 Lwento:Walter Kieser, by MM2 f/f. His Attorney.

To all iti/wm t may con-cern:

Patented lFeb. 16, 1926. Y

' UNITED STATES PATENT oFFlcE.

, WALTER xIEsER, 0E CHARLOTTENEURG, GERMANY, AssIGNoR, BY MEsNE ASSIGN-`MENTs, To ALLGEMEINE ELEKTRIGITATS MANY, A CORPORATION or GERMANY.

GOVERNING MECHANISM YEGR TURBINEs.

Applicatirm filed November 13, 192,3. SerialNo. 674,523.

Be it vknown that I, WALTER KIEsER, a citizen of Switzerland, residingat Charlottenburg, Germany, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Governing Mechanisms for Turbines, of which thefollowing is a specification.

AThe present invention relates to governing mechanisms for turbineinstallations inv which a pair of Aturbines is arranged to drive acommon load, such as an electric generator for example, and in additionto independently lsupply steam for heating and cooking purposes. In suchinstallations the requirements on the governing mechanism are unusuallyexacting as will vbe appreciated from the fact that the load on thegenerator may vary as well as the amounts of steam 'extracted from theturbines and that these variations may take place simultaneously and inthe same or different directions.

The object of my invention is .to yprovide a simple, reliable governingmechanism for installations of the general character above referred to.For a consideration vof what I believe to be novel and my invention,jattention is directedfto the accompanying description and the claimsyappended thereto.

In the attached drawing is illustrated `more or less diagrammaticallyone of the embodiments of my invention. A

l1 indicates a multistage turbine of suitable construction arranged tooperate as a con` densing and extraction unit. The extraction pressuremay be approximately that of' the atmosphere or above it as desired. Forsimplicity it will be referred to as the main turbine.v 2 indicates thesteam supply pipe, 3 the admission valve therefor, 4 the Aextractionconduit, y5 the overflow valve regulating the supply of steam from theextraction stage to the lower pressure stages,

and 6 the exhaust conduit which may be, and r I ing the other as may berequired to preserve secondary` turbine.

the lpoint of consumption; Both turbines have their rotors mounted onthe same shaft 11 and through it drive the rotorl ofthe electricgenerator 12. The generator is designed to bedriven at constant orapproximately constant speed as is usually the case. The regulating.valves 3, 5 and 9 are operated by Huid motors of ordinary construction,each comprising a cylinder 13 and piston 14, the latter being connectedto the valve to beV operated.` '1 each piston are controlled by al pilotvalve 15 of usual construction.' Each pilot valve stem is 4alsoconnectedto the, piston rod of its motor as by alever ,15a which forms afollow-up device to prevent'overtravel of the moto`r. The mechanism forcontrolling the actions of the main regulating valveslwill nowv bedescribed. 16 indicates a Vcentrifugalspeed governor driven by anysuitable meansfrom the main shaft 11 y whereby its effective actionvaries with changes'of speedof the shaft.- The movable collar of thegovernor is pivotally attached to a lever 17 through the medium of afulcrum or pivot, 28.1' AThe left-hand end of this leveris providedvwith a pivot 29 which is connected by a system of linksk andlevers tothe pilot valves of the motors which vactuate the controlling valvesofthe mainy turbine 1. To the lever 18 of theproper' speed of the shaft11. It is tobe noted that the load variations of the generator betweenVcertain rather wide limits are taken care of by varying the amount ofsteam flowing through the main turbine,

and that when the load is decreased below the lower of 'said limitsfurthergoverning is accomplished by varying the amount of steam iowingthrough the yauxiliary or he movements of GESELLSCHAFT, OEBERLTN, ,GER-Yi' The right-hand end of governor lever 17 is pivotally attached to therod 2l which forms a part otl the governing mechanism of the backpressure or secondary turbine. 22 indicates a pressure regulator of thesame character as regulator 19 and its action is responsive to theextraction or exhaust pressure in the conduit 10. s

In order that a single speed governor may control both turbines, anelastic coupling 23 is provided in one of the systems oit links andlevers. As illustrated it is associated with the secondary turbine 7 andis located in the rod 2l between the pressure regulator and themechanism controlled thereby. It comprises a member 24 connected to themovable part or piston of the regulator 22, and abutment 25 on the rod2l and a coiled compression spring 2G between the member and abutment.Under normal conditions the tension of the spring is such that it andits associated parts move with the rod 2l and piston of the regulator 22a unit, but under other conditions the spring 26 yields to permit thespeed governor to control the valve 9 as will appear later.

The operation of the governing mechanism is as follows: For changes inload on the generator the speed governor 16 opens or closes the valvesil and 5 as required to maintain the desired speed, the lever i7 movingabout its pivoted connection with the rod 2l. A variation in the amountof steam taken from the extraction conduit l causes the pressureregulator 19 to modify the action or" the governor on the valves. Thisisdone through the lever 18 turning on the pivot 27 in a manner toincrease the opening of one valve and decrease that et the other. Thepressure regulator 22 is sensitive to variations in the amount et steamflowing through the secondary turbine and controls the valve 9. Undernormal conditions the regulator 22 in causing a decrease ot steamadmitted to the secondary turbine by the valve 9,also acts on thegovernor lever 17 turning it on pivot 28 in such a. manner as to openthe valves 3 and 5 so that the speed of the set as a whole will bemaintained. 1When the load decreases below that requiring the twoturbines to drive it, the eovernor first closes the valves 8 and 5 andthen begins to close the valve 9, this being permitted by the elasticcoupling in 'the rod 2l. In other words the governor 'through the lever17 and pivot 29 exerts suthcient pressure to compress the spring 26 inthe elastic coupling 23 thereby permitting the rod 2l to move in adirection to cause a decrease of the opening of valve 9. From theforegoing it will be seen that the pressure regulator 22 in addition todirectly controlling the secondary turbine also performs the function ofdividing the load between said turbines. Also that under certainconditions the speed governor assumes control of the secondary turbineto the exclusion ot' the regulator,

In accordance with the provisions o the patent statutes, I havedescribed the principle of operation of my invention, together with theapparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof;but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is onlyillustrative, and that the invention may be carried out by other means.

lVhat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters latent otl theUnited' States, is,-

l. In combination, a main turbine, an auxiliary turbine operating on theextraction plan, said turbines being arranged to drive a common load,admission valves for the turbines, a speed governor which successivelycontrols said admission valves, anda regulator responsive to a conditionot' the fluid extracted trom the auxiliary turbine which normallycontrols its admission valve, and which also modifies the action ofthegovernor on the admission valve of the main turbine in such manner asto cause said valve to move in the opposite sense to the valve of theauxiliary turbine.

2. In combination, main and auxiliary turbines both operating on theextraction plan and arranged to drive a common load, admission valvesfor the turbines, speed governor which normally controls the admissionvalve oi' the main turbine, a regulator sensitive to the pressure of theVluid extracted from the auxiliary turbine which normally controls itsadmission valve, a regulator sensitive to the extraction pressure ot themain turbine, said regulators acting on the speed governor in suchmanner as to cause it to vary the admission olf fluid to the mainturbine between predetermined load variations and to cause it to assumecontrol ot' the admission of tiuid to the auxiliary turbine for loadsbelow said limit.

3. In combination, a main turbine, an auxiliary turbine operating on theextraction plan, said turbines driving a common load, admis. ion valvesfor the turbines, a regulator responsive to the extraction pressure otthe auxiliary turbine, mechanism controlled by the regulator whichincludes an elastic coupling for normally actuating the admission valveof the auxiliary turbine, a speed governor which normally controls theoperation of the admission valve of the main turbine, and meansconnecting the governor to said mechanism in such manner that underconditions of decreasing load the governor lirst shuts oil' motive fluidto the main turbine and thereafter acts in opposition to the pressureregulator to decrease the admission of fluid to the auxiliary turbine.Ll. In combination, a main elastic fluid turbine and an auxiliary backpressure turllO bine connected with a common l0ad,.elasticv connectionbetween the pressure regulator and the admission valve of the vauxiliaryprime mover, a lever in the connection between the pressure regulatorand the admission valve of the main turbine, said lever L beingpivotally connected at one end with the rod and having a fulcrum betweenits ends whereby said valve is moved by the pressure regulator in anopposite sense to that of the auxiliary turbine through the intermediaryof said lever, and a `,speed governor operatively connected with vthefulcrum of said lever.

5. In combination, a main elastic Huid turbine and an auxiliary backpressure tur-1 bine connected with a common load, elastic fluidadmission valves for said' turbines, a pressure regulator responsive tothe extraction pressure ofthe auxiliaryturbine, a rod operativelyconnected with theV admission valve of the `auxiliary turbine and withthe pressure regulator, an elastic coupling in said rod, a speedgovernor, a governor lever therefor pivotally connected with the rod ata point between the elastic coupling and the point of connection `withthe admission valve of the auxiliary turbine, and means operativelyconnecting the lever with the admission valve of the main turbine.

6. In4 combination, a main elastic fluid turbine, an auxiliary backpressure turbine, said turbines being connected with a common load,admission` valve mechanisms for said turbines, a speed governoroperatively connected with the valve mechanism `of the main turbine tocontrol the same, a pressure responsive device operated by the backpressure of the auxiliary turbine operatively connected with theadmission valve thereof to control said valve, means providing anV andVcontrol the a auxiliary turbine under certain operating admission valveof the main turbine, and an elastic coupling means in saidy connectionwhich permits thejs eed governor to move ission valve of the conditions.

7 In combination, a main and an auxiliary elastic fluid turbine, bothbeing of the extraction type and being arranged yto drive a vcommonload, elastic fluid admission valves for the turbines, a pressureregula-V tor responsive to the extraction pressure of the auxiliaryturbine operatively connected with the admission Vvalve thereof, aspeed..

governor, a governor lever therefor opera.- tively connected with thepressure regulator, an overiiow valve for the main tur. bine, a pressureregulator responsive to the lextraction pressure of the main turbine, a

lever connected therewith, a fulcrum for the lever connected with thegovernor lever, and means operatively connecting the overflow andadmission valves of the Vmain turbine with said lever in spaced relationto and Vo loppositesides of the fulcrum.

S. In combination, a main and an auxiliary elastic fluid turbine, bothbeing of the extraction type and being arranged to drive a commonzload,elastic fluid admission valves for said turbines, a pressure regulatorresponsivey to the extraction-pressure of the auxiliary turbineoperatively connected with the admission valve thereof, an elasticcoupling means in said connection adjacent the regulator, a speedgovernor,"a governor lever thereof operatively connected with thepressure regulator, said connection including the elastic couplingmeans, an overflow valvefor the main turbine, a pressure regulatorresponsive to the extraction pressure of the main turbine, a leverconnected therewith, a. fulcrum for thelever connected with the governorlever, and means operatively connecting the overflow Y and admission.valves of the main turbine with said leverv in spaced relation to and onopposite sides of said fulcrum. In witness whereof, I have hereunto setmy hand this 19th day of October, 1923.

' WALTER 'KIESE-R,

